1784, first representatives of the United States went to China, ship called Empress of China. 1785, first Chinese arrived in Baltimore, the United States. 1830, first American protestant missionaries arrived in China, Guangzhou. 1835, first American clinic established in Guangzhou. 1839, first major Chinese exhibition opens in United States, over 100,000 people visit before it moves to London. 1839, first opium war breaks out, American business’s boom. 1843, Signing of the Treaty of Wangxia, Secretary of State Daniel Webster sent Caleb Cushing to China as a Minister to Plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty with Qing. 1847, the first ship carrying Chinese laborers, known as “coolies,” arrived in Cuba, soon after coolie traders began to dock in U.S. ports, prompting the U.S. Congress to pass a law prohibiting U.S. citizens from engaging in the trade and guaranteeing the freedom of al Chinese laborers who came to the United States. 1862, first U.S. legation (embassy) established in China, Beijing. 1872, first official delegation of Chinese students comes to the United States, the program hoped to train Chinese to work as diplomats and technical advisors to the government. 1875, U.S. Congress passes the Page Act, which barred entry for Chinese coolie laborers and women brought in for prostitution. 1878, China finally established a diplomatic mission in Washington D.C., with Chen Lamping appointed as the chief of mission. 1182, Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act, signed by President Chester A. Arthur. 1885, anti-Chinese violence breaks out. 1888, additional exclusionary measures instituted. 1892, Geary Act passed, extended the Chinese Exclusion Act’s prohibition of Chinese immigration for another ten years, and required all Chinese and Chinese descendants in the United States to carry residence permits or face deportation. In September 1899 and July 1900, Secretary of States John hay issued the two Open Door Notes to all foreign powers with interests in China. 1900, in the late 19th century, anti-foreign sentiments merged with rural unrest and mystical cults to give rise to the Boxer movement. 1901, after defeating the Boxers, the foreign powers forced the Qing to submit to a punitive settlement that included a huge indemnity to be paid to the foreign nations. 1905-06, after the United States and China failed to come to an agreement on a new immigration treat in 1904, Chinese in Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities launched boycotts of U.S. products and businesses. 1911, early in the 20th century the Qing finally enacted a range of reforms, including ending the centuries-old civil service examination system and constitutional changes. 1912, founding of the Republic of China. 1915, after entering World War I on the Allies side, Japan issued 21 demands which the U.S. refused and advised the Chinese to resist as long as possible. 1919, Treaty of Versailles and May Fourth Incident. 1927, end of the United Front, Jiang Jieshi launches a major purge of Communists in Shanghai. 1928, the United States becomes the first nation to recognize the new regime as a legitimate Government of China. 1942, President Roosevelt sends General Joseph Stilwell to Chongquing as the Chief U.S. military advisor to the Chinese Government and commander of U.S. forces in China. 1943, China and the United States sign a treaty formally ending 100 years of extraterritoriality in China, bringing an end to the legal privileges. October 1949, Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, backed by the United States, gets overthrown by Communist forces and flee to Taiwan, setting the stage for several decades of limited U.S. relations with mainland China. June 1950, the Korean War breaks out with China and the U.S. backing opposing sides. March 1959, Thousands die in Tibet, the United States joins the United Nations to condemn China for human rights abuses and the CIA arms Tibetan resistance. 1964, The Vietnam War, at the same time Chinese engage in mass edmonstrations accusing the United States of imperialist actions. October 1964, China’s first atomic test during the U.S. – Sino tensions (Vietnam). April 1971, known as the Ping-Pong Diplomacy, members of the Chinese ping pong team invite American ping pong players to play in China, a few months later Secretary of State Kissinger makes a secret trip to China after which China joins the United Nations Security Council ensuring themselves as a permanent power. January 1m 1979, U.S. President Jimmy Carter grants China full diplomatic recognition, while agreeing to the People’s Republic of China’s “One-China” policy and severing normal diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Spring of 1989, thousands of students hold demonstrations in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, demanding democratic reforms and an end to corruption. September 1993, China releases Wei Jingsheng, a political prisoner since 1979. That year, President Bill Clinton launches a policy of “constructive engagement” with China. 1984, President Ronald Reagan becomes the third U.S. President to visit the People Republic of China. 1988, the United States and China reached an agreement to allow the U.S. Peace Corps to begin sending volunteers to China. In June 1989 thousands of students hold a protest demanding democratic reform in China because of this rebellion the Chinese government sends military troops to clear the square leaving hundreds of protesters dead. In response, the US government suspended its military sales to Beijing and froze their relation. As one can see the history between both the US and China has been a rocky one. There have been continual conflicts and times of peace during the two decades. May 1999, there was a Belgrade Embassy Bombing where NATO accidentally bombed the Chinese embassy; this allowed Chinese US relations to falter. Though the US apologized there were still Chinese demonstrators protesting throughout the country. In October 2000 President Bill Clinton signed the US- China Relations Act which allowed Beijing permanent normal trade relations with the United States which granted China access to join the World Trade Organization in 2001. The growing US- China trade allows China to pass Mexico as the second biggest trade partner, after Canada.China’s emerging power becomes evident on the United States. Though in 2005 Secretary of State Robert Zoellick meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing to tell China that the nation needs to step up and serve as “responsible stakeholders”. China was to use its influence to allow Sudan, North Korea, and Iran into the international system. Two years later in March 2007, China increased their military spending. China announced an 18% budget increase in defense spending. US Vice President Dick Cheney says China’s military buildup does not add up with China’s previous statement of a “peaceful rise.” In September 2008, China becomes the largest US foreign creditor. China surpasses Japan to be the largest holder of US debt. This shows the growing dependence between the US and Chinese economies. In August 2010, China becomes the world’s second largest economy. Surpassing Japan, China is headed to take over the United States as the world’s first largest economy by 2027. In November 2011, US Secretary of the State Hillary Clinton states that the United States is “pivoting” its interest from the Middle East to Asia. This is due to the increase in China’s economic and military power. Also in November the United States reached a free trade agreement that then excluded China. However, in later years the timeline shows the progress of China US relations. Starting from 2012, China’s Eighteenth Party Congress opened on November 8th yet this was the most significant leadership turnover in decades. 70% of the members of the country’s major leadership were replaced. Showing that China was in a “rejuvenation state” and that China is emphasizing its military might. John Kerry, Secretary of the United States meets with China’s State Councilor and pledge to cooperate on the threat posed by North Korea. From 2013 through 2014 there has been enormous progress in the US- China relations. This has increasingly improved since President Nixon’s historic visit to China in 1972. Still the United States views China as a threat. Their increase in military and economic power puts them right “under our noses”, per say. This battle to climb to the top of the ladder has led to some open conflict including espionage and increasing debt from the United States
Kevin H and Imani S
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